The gland that is both exocrine and endocrine in function is the:
A. Adrenal
B. Pituitary
C. Pancreas
D. Thyroid
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
The pancreas functions as an exocrine gland (secreting digestive enzymes into the duodenum via the pancreatic duct) and an endocrine gland (secreting insulin, glucagon, somatostatin from the islets of Langerhans into the blood). Thyroid, pituitary, and adrenals are purely endocrine.
Explanation:
Photolysis of water occurs at the manganese cluster of photosystem II, releasing electrons, protons, and oxygen. The electrons replace those lost by P680. Photosystem I reduces NADP⁺. Cytochrome b6f transports electrons between the two photosystems. Thus, water splitting is a hallmark of PSII.
Explanation:
The poly-A tail is a long chain of adenine nucleotides (typically 100-250) added to the 3' end of a pre-mRNA molecule during post-transcriptional processing in the nucleus. Its primary functions are to protect the mRNA molecule from enzymatic degradation in the cytoplasm (by exonucleases), to facilitate the export of the mature mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and to promote translation by helping to recruit ribosomes. It also plays a role in determining the lifespan of the mRNA in the cytoplasm.
Explanation:
Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 from the mold Penicillium notatum (later renamed P. chrysogenum). Aspergillus niger is used for citric acid production, Saccharomyces is yeast, Rhizopus is a bread mold. Penicillin was the first true antibiotic and its mass production during WWII saved countless lives. It inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis.
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