The hormone that decreases blood glucose by promoting its uptake into cells is:
A. Growth hormone
B. Glucagon
C. Insulin
D. Cortisol
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Insulin, from beta cells, lowers blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake into muscle and adipose tissue (via GLUT4) and promoting glycogenesis. Glucagon, cortisol, and GH raise blood glucose. Insulin is the only hormone that significantly lowers blood glucose.
Explanation:
Pellagra, characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia (3 Ds), is due to deficiency of niacin (vitamin B₃) or its precursor tryptophan. Niacin is part of NAD and NADP coenzymes.
Explanation:
The first heart sound 'lub' is caused by the closure of the atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid) at the beginning of ventricular systole. The second sound 'dub' is due to closure of semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary) at the end of systole. Abnormal sounds (murmurs) indicate valve defects. This is due to turbulence, but the sound specifically is produced by valve closure.
Consider statements about microorganisms: 1. Bacteria reproduce by binary fission. 2. Viruses have their own metabolic machinery. 3. Fungi have a cell wall made of chitin. Which are correct?
Explanation:
Bacteria are prokaryotes that primarily reproduce asexually through binary fission, where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Fungi are eukaryotes characterized by having cell walls primarily composed of chitin, a tough polysaccharide. Viruses lack cellular structure and metabolic machinery; they are obligate parasites that rely entirely on the host cell's machinery for replication. Thus, statements 1 and 3 are correct.
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