The spinal cord is a long tubular bundle of nervous tissue extending from the medulla oblongata to the level of the first/second lumbar vertebra (L1-L2), where it tapers into the conus medullaris. Below this, nerves form the cauda equina. It transmits impulses between the brain and body and coordinates reflexes.
Explanation:
The colon (large intestine) primarily absorbs water, sodium, and some vitamins (produced by gut flora) from the indigestible food residue, converting it into semisolid feces. It does not secrete digestive enzymes; that is the small intestine's role. Protein digestion and amino acid absorption occur in the small intestine.
Explanation:
Glyoxysomes are specialized peroxisomes found in germinating oil seeds. They contain enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle, converting fatty acids to carbohydrates until the seedling can photosynthesize.
Explanation:
Vitamin A (retinol) is converted to retinal, which combines with opsin to form rhodopsin, the light-sensitive pigment in rod cells of the retina. Deficiency leads to night blindness and xerophthalmia. Carrots and liver are rich sources. Vitamin C is ascorbic acid, D is calciferol, E is tocopherol.
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