The method of separating proteins based on their size using an electric field is:
A. PCR
B. DNA sequencing
C. ELISA
D. SDS-PAGE
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) denatures proteins and coats them with negative charge, allowing separation by molecular weight in an electric field. PCR amplifies DNA, sequencing determines base order, ELISA detects antigens/antibodies. SDS-PAGE is a fundamental biochemistry technique.
Explanation:
Recombinant human insulin (Humulin) is produced by genetically engineered Escherichia coli (or yeast) carrying the human insulin gene. Before this, insulin from animal sources was used. The A and B chains of insulin are produced separately and then combined. This was the first genetically engineered pharmaceutical approved for human use (1982).
Explanation:
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a stress hormone that induces stomatal closure by causing efflux of K⁺ ions from guard cells, leading to loss of turgor, thereby reducing water loss during drought. Auxin and cytokinin promote growth, gibberellin stimulates stem elongation and seed germination. ABA also promotes seed dormancy and leaf senescence.
Explanation:
Renin, released by juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney when blood pressure drops, cleaves angiotensinogen (from liver) to angiotensin I. ACE then converts angiotensin I to the active angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor and stimulator of aldosterone. Pepsin and trypsin are digestive proteases.
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