The molecule that acts as the universal energy carrier in cells is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

The molecule that acts as the universal energy carrier in cells is:
A. Acetyl CoA
B. ATP
C. NADPH
D. Glucose
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the immediate energy currency for cellular processes. Hydrolysis of its high-energy phosphate bonds releases energy. Glucose and acetyl CoA are fuels, NADPH is an electron donor for biosynthesis. ATP is generated by substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.

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Which of the following is an example of a genetically engineered insulin-producing bacterium?
A. Escherichia coli
B. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
D. Bacillus subtilis

Correct Answer: Option A


Explanation:
Recombinant human insulin (Humulin) is produced by genetically engineered Escherichia coli (or yeast) carrying the human insulin gene. Before this, insulin from animal sources was used. The A and B chains of insulin are produced separately and then combined. This was the first genetically engineered pharmaceutical approved for human use (1982).

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Question #2
Which part of the flower is responsible for producing pollen grains?
A. Anther
B. Style
C. Stigma
D. Ovary

Correct Answer: Option A


Explanation:
The anther is the terminal part of the stamen (male reproductive organ) where pollen grains are produced through microsporogenesis. Stigma is the receptive surface for pollen, style connects stigma to ovary. Ovary contains ovules, which develop into seeds after fertilization. The anther has four microsporangia (pollen sacs).

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Question #3
The type of tissue that covers body surfaces and lines cavities is:
A. Nervous tissue
B. Muscle tissue
C. Epithelial tissue
D. Connective tissue

Correct Answer: Option C


Explanation:
Epithelial tissue forms sheets covering external surfaces (skin) and lining internal organs and cavities. It functions in protection, absorption, secretion, and sensation. Connective tissue supports and binds, muscle contracts, nervous transmits impulses. Epithelial cells are tightly packed with little extracellular matrix.

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