The organ that detoxifies alcohol and drugs is the:
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Kidney
D. Stomach
Answer: Option A
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
The liver contains enzymes (cytochrome P450 system) that metabolize and detoxify alcohol, drugs, and other xenobiotics, converting them to less toxic, excretable forms. The kidneys excrete waste, stomach digests, pancreas secretes enzymes.
Explanation:
The nephron is the fundamental structural and functional unit of the kidney. Each kidney contains about one million nephrons. A nephron consists of two main parts: the renal corpuscle (Malpighian body, containing the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule) and the renal tubule (PCT, Loop of Henle, DCT). It is responsible for urine formation.
Explanation:
Plasmids have an origin of replication, making them effective cloning vectors. Restriction enzymes cut DNA, tissue culture produces clones, Bt cotton targets specific insects.
Explanation:
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the immediate energy currency for cellular processes. Hydrolysis of its high-energy phosphate bonds releases energy. Glucose and acetyl CoA are fuels, NADPH is an electron donor for biosynthesis. ATP is generated by substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.
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