The pigment that gives blue-green algae their color is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Restriction endonucleases (restriction enzymes) recognize specific palindromic DNA sequences and cleave the phosphodiester bonds, producing sticky or blunt ends. They are essential tools for recombinant DNA technology. DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA, ligase joins fragments, helicase unwinds. Examples: EcoRI, HindIII. These enzymes are naturally present in bacteria as a defense against viruses.

Explanation:
Genotype is the set of alleles an individual possesses for a particular gene or trait (e.g., TT, Tt, tt). Phenotype is the observable characteristic. Karyotype is the chromosome complement.

Explanation:
Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP), now more commonly called Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Peptide, is an incretin hormone secreted by the K cells of the small intestine in response to the ingestion of food, particularly glucose and fats. Its name reflects its two main actions: 1) It inhibits gastric acid secretion and slows gastric emptying (the 'gastric inhibitory' effect). 2) In the presence of elevated blood glucose, it potently stimulates the beta cells of the pancreas to secrete insulin (the 'insulinotropic' effect), preparing the body to handle the incoming nutrients.