The pigment that is found in red algae and helps in deep-water photosynthesis is:
A. Chlorophyll b
B. Carotenoid
C. Phycoerythrin
D. Fucoxanthin
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Phycoerythrin absorbs blue-green light, which penetrates deeper water, allowing red algae to photosynthesize at greater depths. Fucoxanthin is in brown algae, chlorophyll b green, carotenoids orange.
Explanation:
Phloem transports organic solutes (mainly sucrose) from source (leaves) to sink (roots, fruits) in a process called translocation, using sieve tubes and companion cells. Xylem transports water and minerals from roots upwards. Collenchyma and sclerenchyma are mechanical tissues providing support. Phloem is alive at maturity, while xylem vessels are dead. Companion cells regulate sieve tube activity.
Explanation:
The Loop of Henle is a U-shaped tube extending into the renal medulla. Its primary function is to concentrate the urine by creating a hyperosmotic gradient in the medullary interstitium through the counter-current multiplier mechanism. The descending limb is permeable to water but not salts, while the ascending limb is impermeable to water but actively transports salts out. This gradient allows the collecting duct to reabsorb water under the influence of ADH.
Explanation:
Zymase is the enzyme complex in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that catalyzes the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to ethanol and CO₂ (alcoholic fermentation). Invertase hydrolyzes sucrose to glucose and fructose. Urease acts on urea. Pepsin is a protease. Fermentation is used in baking and brewing industries. The overall equation: C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂.
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