The process by which two different organisms live together and both benefit is:
A. Parasitism
B. Commensalism
C. Amensalism
D. Mutualism
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Mutualism is a symbiotic interaction where both species benefit (+/+). Examples: Rhizobium-legume association, lichens, mycorrhizae, and oxpecker-rhino. Parasitism benefits one at the expense of the other (+/-), commensalism benefits one without affecting the other (+/0), amensalism harms one without benefit to the other (-/0). Mutualism is crucial for ecosystem functioning.
Explanation:
Vitamin C is a cofactor for the enzyme tyrosinase, which is involved in melanin synthesis. Vitamin A is for vision, B₆ for amino acid metabolism, D for calcium.
Explanation:
Convergent evolution occurs when distantly related organisms independently evolve similar traits or structures to adapt to similar ecological niches or environmental pressures. The resulting structures are called analogous organs (e.g., wings of birds and insects, eyes of octopuses and mammals). Divergent evolution is when related species evolve different traits (homologous organs). Coevolution is when two species evolve in response to each other.
Explanation:
Myosin is the motor protein forming thick filaments; its heads bind to actin thin filaments and generate force via the cross-bridge cycle. Actin forms thin filaments, troponin and tropomyosin regulate contraction. The sliding filament theory describes muscle shortening without filament length change.
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