The process by which white blood cells engulf pathogens is called:
A. Phagocytosis
B. Dialysis
C. Pinocytosis
D. Exocytosis
Answer: Option A
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Phagocytosis ('cell eating') is the process by which cells like macrophages and neutrophils engulf solid particles, including pathogens, by extending pseudopodia to form a phagosome, which fuses with lysosomes for degradation. Pinocytosis is 'cell drinking', uptake of fluid. Exocytosis is secretion. Dialysis is artificial separation. Phagocytosis is a key innate immune defense.
Explanation:
Rhizopus stolonifer belongs to the class Phycomycetes (or Zygomycetes). These fungi are characterized by a coenocytic (multinucleate, aseptate) mycelium and reproduce asexually by forming motile or non-motile spores in sporangia. Ascomycetes (sac fungi) have septate hyphae and produce ascospores in asci. Basidiomycetes (club fungi) produce basidiospores on basidia. Deuteromycetes are imperfect fungi lacking a known sexual stage.
Consider the following statements about the circulatory system of insects:
1. It is an open circulatory system.
2. Hemolymph is the circulating fluid.
3. Blood is contained in vessels at all times.
Which of the above is/are correct?
Explanation:
Formalin (37-40% formaldehyde solution) is a common fixative and preservative for biological specimens, preventing decay by cross-linking proteins. Alcohol is also used but formalin is standard. Acetone is a solvent, glycerin a humectant.
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