The process of cell death that is programmed and essential for normal development is:
A. Autolysis
B. Necrosis
C. Apoptosis
D. Phagocytosis
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Apoptosis is a genetically controlled, energy-dependent process of programmed cell death that removes unwanted, damaged, or infected cells without causing inflammation. It is vital for development (e.g., separation of digits in fingers) and tissue homeostasis. Necrosis is traumatic cell death causing inflammation. Autolysis is self-digestion after death, phagocytosis is engulfment.
Explanation:
Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid daughter cells (clones) essential for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. Meiosis involves pairing (synapsis) and crossing over during prophase I, and produces four genetically diverse haploid cells (gametes). The conservation of chromosome number and genetic identity is a hallmark of mitosis.
Explanation:
Monocots are less susceptible to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using Ti plasmid. Therefore, direct gene transfer methods like particle bombardment (biolistics) are commonly used. The gene gun shoots DNA-coated gold or tungsten particles into plant cells. Ti plasmid works well for dicots. Bacteriophage and cosmids are for bacterial cloning.
Explanation:
Golden Rice is a transgenic variety of rice (Oryza sativa) engineered to produce beta-carotene, a precursor of Vitamin A, in the edible endosperm. The beta-carotene gives the rice grains a characteristic golden-yellow color. It was developed to address Vitamin A deficiency (VAD), a major public health issue in developing countries that causes blindness and increases susceptibility to infectious diseases in children.
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