The scientist who isolated the first antibiotic, penicillin, from Penicillium notatum was: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Binary fission is the primary asexual reproduction method in bacteria, where the cell divides into two identical daughter cells after DNA replication. Budding occurs in yeast and some bacteria. Conjugation and transformation are methods of genetic exchange, not reproduction. Binary fission allows rapid population growth.

Explanation:
The placenta acts as a temporary endocrine gland, secreting hCG (which maintains the corpus luteum), hPL (which alters maternal metabolism for fetal growth), and high levels of estrogen and progesterone (which maintain the uterine lining and suppress further ovulation). Prolactin, however, is primarily secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, although its levels rise significantly during pregnancy to prepare the mammary glands for lactation.

Explanation:
Folic acid (vitamin B₉) is crucial for DNA synthesis and cell division; its deficiency during early pregnancy increases the risk of neural tube defects like spina bifida. Many countries fortify flour with folic acid. Vitamin A is for vision, C for collagen, D for calcium. Women of childbearing age are advised to take supplements.