The structure that protects the spinal cord is the:
A. Pelvis
B. Skull
C. Rib cage
D. Vertebral column
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
The vertebral column (spine) consists of vertebrae stacked to form a canal that encloses and protects the spinal cord. The skull protects the brain, rib cage the thoracic organs, pelvis the pelvic organs.
Explanation:
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by extracellular amyloid-beta plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein, leading to memory loss and cognitive decline. Parkinson's involves dopamine neuron loss, multiple sclerosis demyelination, epilepsy seizures.
Explanation:
Cardiac muscle cells are striated, branched, and connected by intercalated discs containing gap junctions for synchronized contraction. They are involuntary. Multinucleated syncytium is typical of skeletal muscle. Spindle-shaped non-striated cells characterize smooth muscle. Voluntary control is for skeletal muscle. Intercalated discs allow rapid ion passage, enabling the heart to function as a syncytium.
Explanation:
The medulla oblongata contains the respiratory rhythmicity centre that controls the rate and depth of breathing. The pons also has pneumotaxic and apneustic centres influencing breathing. The cerebrum can exert voluntary control, cerebellum coordinates movement, and hypothalamus regulates homeostasis.
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