The symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected is:
A. Predation
B. Commensalism
C. Mutualism
D. Parasitism
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Commensalism (+/0) involves one species benefiting and the other neither harmed nor helped. Example: barnacles on a whale, or cattle egrets eating insects stirred by cattle. Mutualism benefits both (+/+), parasitism benefits one at expense of other (+/-), predation (+/-) involves killing. The distinction is based on the net effect.
Explanation:
Earthworms have hemoglobin dissolved in their blood plasma (not in cells) for oxygen transport. Hemocyanin is in mollusks and arthropods, hemerythrin in some marine worms.
Explanation:
Tetanus (lockjaw) is caused by a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani, which enters through wounds and causes painful muscle spasms. Botulism is C. botulinum, gas gangrene C. perfringens, leprosy M. leprae.
Explanation:
The 10% law of energy transfer, which states that only about 10% of the energy from one trophic level is transferred to the next, was proposed by Raymond Lindeman in 1942. This law explains why food chains typically have only 3-4 trophic levels; there is simply not enough energy available to support higher levels.
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