The technique used to amplify small quantities of DNA in vitro is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Cristae are the numerous infoldings of the inner mitochondrial membrane that increase surface area for oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis. They contain ATP synthase complexes. Thylakoids are membrane structures in chloroplasts; grana are stacks of thylakoids. Cisternae are flattened membrane sacs of ER and Golgi. Cristae give the inner membrane its characteristic folded appearance.

Explanation:
Apoptosis is a genetically controlled, energy-dependent process of programmed cell death that removes unwanted, damaged, or infected cells without causing inflammation. It is vital for development (e.g., separation of digits in fingers) and tissue homeostasis. Necrosis is traumatic cell death causing inflammation. Autolysis is self-digestion after death, phagocytosis is engulfment.

Explanation:
The medulla oblongata contains the respiratory rhythmicity centre that controls the rate and depth of breathing. The pons also has pneumotaxic and apneustic centres influencing breathing. The cerebrum can exert voluntary control, cerebellum coordinates movement, and hypothalamus regulates homeostasis.