The technique used to visualize and separate DNA fragments based on size is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Bile does not contain digestive enzymes; it contains bile salts that emulsify fats, increasing surface area for lipase action. Thus, A is false, R is true.

Explanation:
The endomembrane system includes ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and the nuclear envelope—organelles that coordinate membrane flow and protein processing. Mitochondria (and chloroplasts) are not part of this system because they are semi-autonomous, arising from endosymbiosis, and are not connected by vesicle trafficking. Peroxisomes are sometimes considered associated but not part of the ER-derived system.

Explanation:
Ketonuria is the presence of ketone bodies (acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetone) in urine, resulting from increased fat metabolism due to carbohydrate unavailability in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Glycosuria is glucose in urine, proteinuria is protein, hematuria is blood. Ketonuria indicates diabetic ketoacidosis, a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment.