The term 'plasmolysis' refers to: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

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The term 'plasmolysis' refers to:

A. Shrinking of the protoplasm away from the cell wall in a hypertonic solution

B. Equal movement of water across membrane

C. Bursting of an animal cell in hypotonic solution

D. Swelling of a plant cell in hypotonic solution

Answer: Option A

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

Plasmolysis occurs when a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, causing water to leave the cell by exosmosis, leading to shrinkage of the protoplasm and its detachment from the cell wall. Incipient plasmolysis is when protoplast just starts to pull away. Opposite is deplasmolysis (when placed in hypotonic solution). Swelling is turgidity. Animal cells undergo crenation or lysis.

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Question #1

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Consider statements about human excretion: 1. The kidneys regulate blood pressure. 2. Ammonia is the primary nitrogenous waste in humans. 3. The nephron filters blood in the glomerulus. Which are correct?

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 1 and 3 only

C. 2 and 3 only

D. 1, 2 and 3

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The kidneys regulate blood pressure via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and by controlling fluid volume. The nephron's glomerulus filters blood plasma into Bowman's capsule. Humans are ureotelic, meaning the primary nitrogenous waste excreted is urea, not ammonia (which is highly toxic and excreted by aquatic animals). Thus, statements 1 and 3 are correct.

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Question #2

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Which of the following provides direct evidence of evolution?

A. Molecular biology

B. Analogous organs

C. Embryology

D. Fossils

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Fossils are the preserved remains or impressions of past organisms, showing transitional forms and evolutionary change over geological time.

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Question #3

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During which phase of the cell cycle does the centrosome duplicate?

A. G2 phase

B. S phase

C. G1 phase

D. M phase

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The centrosome, which contains two centrioles, duplicates during the S phase of the cell cycle, concurrent with DNA replication. This ensures that by the time the cell enters mitosis, it has two fully formed centrosomes to organize the mitotic spindle. G1 is for growth, G2 is for preparation for M phase, and M phase is for actual division.

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