The theory of 'Munch Hypothesis' explains the mechanism of: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles present in almost all eukaryotic cells but absent in prokaryotes, which carry out respiration on the plasma membrane or mesosomes. Ribosomes, cell wall (in most), and plasma membrane are present in both.

Explanation:
Active immunity occurs when the body's own immune system is stimulated by an antigen (either through infection or vaccination) to produce its own antibodies and memory cells, providing long-lasting protection. Passive immunity occurs when an individual is directly given pre-formed antibodies (like through mother's milk or antiserum), providing immediate but temporary protection. Vaccination stimulates the body to produce its own immune response, thus providing artificial active immunity, not passive. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Explanation:
George Beadle and Edward Tatum, working with Neurospora crassa, proposed that each gene controls the synthesis of a specific enzyme (later refined to one gene-one polypeptide). Watson and Crick discovered DNA structure, Hershey-Chase confirmed DNA as genetic material, Meselson-Stahl demonstrated semi-conservative replication.