The vector commonly used for cloning genes in plants is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped skeletal muscle that separates the thoracic cavity (lungs, heart) from the abdominal cavity. It is the primary muscle of inspiration. Pleura lines lungs, peritoneum lines abdomen.

Explanation:
Vitamin A (retinol) is essential for the synthesis of rhodopsin (visual pigment in rod cells) and maintenance of epithelial tissues. Deficiency causes night blindness (nyctalopia), xerophthalmia, and ultimately permanent blindness. Bone development is related to vitamin D and calcium. Blood clotting is vitamin K, energy metabolism involves B vitamins. Thus, vision is primarily affected.

Explanation:
Homologous organs share a common ancestral origin and structural plan but may have different functions (e.g., human arm, whale flipper, bat wing). This indicates divergent evolution. Analogous organs have different origins but similar functions (e.g., wings of birds and insects) due to convergent evolution. Vestigial organs are reduced and non-functional, like the human appendix.