The vitamin that is essential for the carboxylation of glutamate residues in clotting factors is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Phosphorus is part of the phosphate backbone of DNA/RNA and the high-energy bonds of ATP. Nitrogen is in bases and amino acids, iron in hemoglobin, sulfur in some amino acids. Phosphorus is essential for energy transfer and genetic material.

Explanation:
Candidiasis (thrush) is an opportunistic infection caused by Candida albicans, affecting mucous membranes and sometimes systemic. Ringworm is dermatophytes.

Explanation:
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a common intracellular second messenger produced by adenylyl cyclase upon hormone receptor activation (e.g., glucagon, adrenaline). It activates protein kinase A, triggering a cascade of cellular responses. Other second messengers include IP₃, DAG, Ca²⁺.