Which of the following is a correct match of scientist and contribution? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
The brain is the central and most complex organ of the nervous system, processing sensory information, controlling motor functions, and regulating higher cognitive processes. The heart is a muscular organ that acts as the central pump of the circulatory system, propelling blood through the network of blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients. The lungs are a pair of spongy, air-filled organs that are the primary components of the respiratory system, facilitating the vital exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. All statements are correct.

Explanation:
Root pressure is a positive hydrostatic pressure generated in the xylem of roots due to the active secretion of ions into the xylem, which lowers the water potential and causes water to enter osmotically from the soil. This pressure can push water up the stem. Root pressure is most evident and measurable during the early morning or at night, when the rate of transpiration from the leaves is very low (or zero) and the soil moisture is high, allowing for maximum water absorption. It is responsible for phenomena like guttation and the exudation of sap from cut stems.

Explanation:
According to Lindeman's 10% law, only about 10% of the energy from one trophic level is transferred to the next; the rest is lost as heat through respiration. Producers (Trophic Level 1) have 10,000 kcal. Primary consumers (Level 2) get 10% of 10,000 = 1,000 kcal. Secondary consumers (Level 3) get 10% of 1,000 = 100 kcal. Tertiary consumers (Level 4) get 10% of 100 = 10 kcal.