Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in carboxylation reactions?
A. Vitamin B₇ (Biotin)
B. Vitamin A
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin B₁
Answer: Option A
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Biotin (vitamin B₇) is a water-soluble B vitamin that functions as a coenzyme for carboxylase enzymes, important in fatty acid synthesis and gluconeogenesis. Vitamin B₁ acts in decarboxylation, A and K are fat-soluble. Biotin is widely distributed in foods and also synthesized by gut bacteria.
Explanation:
Functional residual capacity (FRC) is the volume of air in the lungs at the end of a normal expiration (ERV + RV). It prevents alveolar collapse and buffers gas concentrations. Vital capacity is max exhaled after max inhalation, total lung capacity is max air lungs can hold, inspiratory capacity is max inhaled after normal exhalation.
Explanation:
Secondary consumers are carnivores or omnivores that eat primary consumers (herbivores). Example: frog eating grasshopper. Producers are autotrophs, primary consumers are herbivores, decomposers break down dead matter. Trophic levels represent energy transfer steps. Energy decreases at each higher level.
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