Which part of the human digestive system produces hydrochloric acid?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Parietal cells of stomach
D. Goblet cells of intestine
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Parietal (oxyntic) cells in the gastric glands of the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl), which activates pepsinogen to pepsin, kills bacteria, and provides an acidic pH (1.5-2.0) for protein digestion. Liver produces bile, pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate, goblet cells secrete mucus. Intrinsic factor, required for vitamin B₁₂ absorption, is also secreted by parietal cells.
Explanation:
Incomplete dominance occurs when neither allele is completely dominant, resulting in a heterozygous phenotype that is a blend (e.g., red × white snapdragons produce pink). Codominance shows both alleles fully expressed (e.g., AB blood type). Complete dominance shows one allele masking another. Polygenic inheritance involves multiple genes contributing to a continuous trait.
Explanation:
Blood group A has A antigens and anti-B antibodies. Group O has no antigens, AB is universal recipient, Rh incompatibility can cause erythroblastosis fetalis.
Explanation:
Glucagon, from the pancreatic alpha cells, raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver. Cortisol and growth hormone also raise blood glucose but glucagon is the primary direct antagonist of insulin. Thyroxine increases metabolic rate. The balance between insulin (hypoglycemic) and glucagon (hyperglycemic) maintains glucose homeostasis.
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