Which scientist first observed and described living cells? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question
Which scientist first observed and described living cells?
A. Rudolf Virchow
B. Robert Hooke
C. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
D. Matthias Schleiden
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch microscopist, designed single-lens microscopes and observed bacteria, protozoa, sperm cells, and RBCs for the first time, calling them 'animalcules'. Hooke observed dead cork cells. Schleiden proposed that plants are composed of cells, Virchow stated 'Omnis cellula e cellula'. Leeuwenhoek is rightly considered the father of microbiology for his pioneering observations of living microbes.
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Question #1
The pigment that is the primary photosynthetic pigment in cyanobacteria is:
A. Chlorophyll b
B. Fucoxanthin
C. Chlorophyll a
D. Phycocyanin
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Cyanobacteria contain chlorophyll a (like plants) along with phycobilins (phycocyanin and phycoerythrin). Chlorophyll b is in green plants, phycocyanin is an accessory pigment.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #2
The phenomenon where a single gene mutation affects multiple traits is:
A. Epistasis
B. Codominance
C. Pleiotropy
D. Polygenic inheritance
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Pleiotropy is when one gene influences several distinct phenotypic characteristics. Example: sickle cell disease (mutant hemoglobin affects RBC shape, causing anemia, pain, organ damage). Polygenic traits involve many genes, codominance both alleles expressed, epistasis gene interaction.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #3
Consider statements about human physiology: 1. The pancreas secretes both digestive enzymes and hormones. 2. The liver secretes bile, which contains digestive enzymes. 3. The gall bladder stores and concentrates bile. Which are correct?
A. 1 and 3 only
B. 1, 2 and 3
C. 1 and 2 only
D. 2 and 3 only
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The pancreas is a mixed gland; its exocrine part secretes digestive enzymes (trypsin, lipase, amylase), and its endocrine part (Islets of Langerhans) secretes hormones (insulin, glucagon). The liver continuously secretes bile, but bile does not contain digestive enzymes; it contains bile salts that emulsify fats. The gall bladder stores and concentrates this bile before releasing it into the duodenum. Thus, statements 1 and 3 are correct.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
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