Statistics MCQs

Question #1221

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Wholesale Price Index (WPI) in India currently uses which base year?

A. 2020-21

B. 2011-12

C. 2004-05

D. 2015-16

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
As of recent revisions, India's WPI uses 2011-12 as the base year (index=100), updated periodically by the Office of Economic Advisor, Ministry of Commerce and Industry.

This question belongs to: Accountancy and Statistics Statistics

Question #1222

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Consumer Price Index (CPI) combines prices of goods and services based on:

A. Export-import price data

B. Wholesale market transactions

C. Government procurement prices

D. Household consumption expenditure patterns

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
CPI weights items according to their share in average household consumption expenditure, derived from consumer expenditure surveys, to reflect the cost of living for typical families.

This question belongs to: Accountancy and Statistics Statistics

Question #1223

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Population growth rate is calculated as:

A. (Births + Immigration - Deaths - Emigration) / Mid-year population × 100

B. Both B and C are correct

C. Crude Birth Rate - Crude Death Rate

D. (Births - Deaths) / Mid-year population × 100

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Natural growth rate = CBR - CDR (per 1,000); overall growth rate includes net migration. Both formulations are used, with B being comprehensive and C focusing on natural increase.

This question belongs to: Accountancy and Statistics Statistics

Question #1224

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A key limitation of Crude Birth Rate is that it:

A. Requires detailed survey data

B. Cannot be calculated from census data

C. Does not account for the age-sex structure of the population

D. Includes stillbirths

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
CBR uses total population in the denominator, so populations with more women of reproductive age will have higher CBR even if age-specific fertility is identical, limiting comparability.

This question belongs to: Accountancy and Statistics Statistics

Question #1225

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Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 1.8 in a developed country suggests:

A. Migration is the only growth source

B. Population will grow rapidly

C. Fertility is increasing

D. Population is below replacement level

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Replacement-level TFR is ~2.1 in low-mortality settings; TFR=1.8 indicates each generation of women has fewer daughters than needed for replacement, leading to eventual population decline without immigration.

This question belongs to: Accountancy and Statistics Statistics

Question #1226

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Perinatal Mortality Rate is particularly useful for evaluating:

A. Adolescent health programs

B. Quality of antenatal and intrapartum care

C. Chronic disease management

D. Long-term elderly care

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Perinatal mortality (late fetal + early neonatal deaths) is closely linked to obstetric care quality, making it a key metric for assessing maternal and newborn health services around childbirth.

This question belongs to: Accountancy and Statistics Statistics

Question #1227

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Life tables are primarily used to calculate:

A. Migration rates

B. Life expectancy and survival probabilities

C. Fertility rates

D. Economic dependency ratios

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Life tables summarize age-specific mortality to compute life expectancy at various ages, probability of survival, and other demographic measures essential for actuarial and population studies.

This question belongs to: Accountancy and Statistics Statistics

Question #1228

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Direct standardization of death rates requires:

A. Fertility data for adjustment

B. Total deaths and population for both groups

C. Age-specific death rates of the study population and age distribution of a standard population

D. Crude death rates of both populations

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Direct standardization applies the study population's age-specific death rates to a standard age structure to compute a hypothetical crude rate, enabling comparison free from age composition effects.

This question belongs to: Accountancy and Statistics Statistics

Question #1229

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If two distributions have the same mean but different standard deviations, which statement is TRUE?

A. Their modes must be equal

B. The one with larger SD has more spread around the mean

C. Their medians must be equal

D. They have identical shapes

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Standard deviation measures dispersion; a larger SD indicates greater variability of observations around the mean, regardless of the mean's value or distribution shape.

This question belongs to: Accountancy and Statistics Statistics

Question #1230

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The geometric mean is undefined for datasets containing:

A. Zero or negative values

B. Values greater than 100

C. Non-integer values

D. More than 10 observations

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Geometric mean involves multiplying values and taking the nth root; zero makes the product zero, and negative values can yield complex roots, so it is only defined for positive numbers.

This question belongs to: Accountancy and Statistics Statistics

Question #1231

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In a symmetric distribution, the mean, median, and mode are:

A. Always equal

B. All three coincide for unimodal symmetric distributions

C. Unrelated

D. Mean = Median, mode may differ

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
For a unimodal symmetric distribution (e.g., normal), the mean, median, and mode all lie at the center of symmetry; multimodal symmetric distributions may have multiple modes.

This question belongs to: Accountancy and Statistics Statistics

Question #1232

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In a 2×2 table, if (AB)=100, (Aβ)=150, (αB)=200, (αβ)=250, the total N is:

A. 800

B. 600

C. 700

D. 900

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
N = sum of all ultimate class frequencies = 100 + 150 + 200 + 250 = 700. This is the total population classified by the two attributes.

This question belongs to: Accountancy and Statistics Statistics

Question #1233

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Yule's coefficient of association Q is calculated using frequencies from a:

A. Frequency distribution table

B. 2×2 contingency table for two binary attributes

C. Time series data

D. Scatter plot

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Yule's Q = [(AB)(αβ) - (Aβ)(αB)] / [(AB)(αβ) + (Aβ)(αB)], requiring the four cell frequencies of a 2×2 table cross-classifying two dichotomous attributes.

This question belongs to: Accountancy and Statistics Statistics

Question #1234

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Fisher's ideal index satisfies the factor reversal test because:

A. It uses base period weights

B. It is the arithmetic mean of Laspeyres and Paasche

C. Its price and quantity index product equals the value index

D. It ignores quantity changes

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Fisher's index is designed so that (Fisher price index) × (Fisher quantity index) = Σp₁q₁/Σp₀q₀ (value index), fulfilling the factor reversal test for consistency between price and quantity measures.

This question belongs to: Accountancy and Statistics Statistics

Question #1235

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Chain base index numbers are calculated by:

A. Fixing one base period for all comparisons

B. Averaging fixed base indices

C. Using geometric mean of prices only

D. Using the previous period as base for each link

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Chain indices compute period-to-period changes (e.g., 2021/2020, 2022/2021) and chain them multiplicatively, allowing flexibility but complicating long-term interpretation due to changing bases.

This question belongs to: Accountancy and Statistics Statistics

Question #1236

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The primary purpose of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) is to measure:

A. Wholesale market price trends

B. Changes in the retail prices of a fixed basket of consumer goods and services

C. Export price competitiveness

D. Producer cost inflation

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
CPI tracks the average price change over time for a representative basket of goods and services purchased by households, serving as the main gauge of consumer inflation.

This question belongs to: Accountancy and Statistics Statistics

Question #1237

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Cost of Living Index adjustments are most relevant for:

A. Stock market investments

B. International trade agreements

C. Wage negotiations and social security benefits

D. Corporate profit calculations

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Cost of Living Indices inform wage indexation, pension adjustments, and welfare benefits to maintain purchasing power amid inflation, directly impacting household economic security.

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Question #1238

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In demography, 'population momentum' refers to:

A. Sudden increase in life expectancy

B. Continued population growth after fertility reaches replacement level due to young age structure

C. Mass migration events

D. Rapid urbanization

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Population momentum occurs when a young age structure (many future parents) causes growth to continue for decades even after fertility falls to replacement level, as births exceed deaths temporarily.

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Question #1239

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A census is typically conducted at what interval in most countries?

A. Every year

B. Every 20 years

C. Every 10 years

D. Every 5 years

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Most nations, including India and the USA, conduct a full population census decennially (every 10 years) to balance comprehensiveness with cost and logistical feasibility.

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Question #1240

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Vital registration systems are most effective when they are:

A. Voluntary and decentralized

B. Limited to urban areas

C. Based on sample surveys

D. Compulsory, universal, and continuous

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Effective vital registration requires legal mandate for reporting all births/deaths, nationwide coverage, and ongoing operation to provide complete, timely data for demographic analysis and policy.

This question belongs to: Accountancy and Statistics Statistics

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