Consider statements about human diseases: 1. HIV attacks the immune system. 2. Malaria is caused by a virus. 3. Tuberculosis affects the lungs. Which are correct? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question

Consider statements about human diseases: 1. HIV attacks the immune system. 2. Malaria is caused by a virus. 3. Tuberculosis affects the lungs. Which are correct?

A. 2 and 3 only

B. 1 and 3 only

C. 1, 2 and 3

D. 1 and 2 only

Answer: Option B

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) specifically targets and destroys CD4+ T-helper cells, severely compromising the immune system and leading to AIDS. Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs (pulmonary TB). Malaria is not caused by a virus; it is caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Plasmodium, transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito. Thus, statements 1 and 3 are correct.

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Question #1

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PCR is a technique used to:

A. Sequence DNA

B. Amplify a specific DNA sequence

C. Cut DNA

D. Separate DNA fragments

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) uses Taq polymerase and primers to exponentially amplify a target DNA segment in vitro.

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Question #2

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The structure that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder is the:

A. Renal pelvis

B. Urethra

C. Calyx

D. Ureter

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
The ureters are two muscular tubes that propel urine from the renal pelvis of each kidney to the urinary bladder via peristaltic contractions. Urethra exits bladder, renal pelvis and calyces are within the kidney.

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Question #3

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The scientist who first observed the nucleus in plant cells was:

A. Matthias Schleiden

B. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

C. Robert Hooke

D. Robert Brown

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Robert Brown, a Scottish botanist, discovered the nucleus in 1831 while studying orchid cells under a microscope. He named it 'nucleus'. Hooke discovered cells, Leeuwenhoek observed living cells, Schleiden proposed that all plants are made of cells. Brown's discovery was crucial for understanding cell structure and function.

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