Consider the following statements about the cell membrane: 1. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer. 2. It is fully permeable. 3. Proteins are embedded in the membrane. Which of the above is/are correct? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
The Miller-Urey experiment (1953) simulated the conditions of the primitive Earth's atmosphere (methane, ammonia, hydrogen, and water vapor) in a closed system and applied electrical sparks to simulate lightning. After a week, they found that several organic compounds, including amino acids (the building blocks of proteins), had been synthesized, supporting the theory of chemical evolution.

Explanation:
Meiosis involves two divisions reducing the chromosome number from diploid (2n) to haploid (n), producing gametes (sperm and egg). Mitosis maintains the chromosome number and produces identical somatic cells. Amitosis is direct nuclear division, budding is asexual reproduction. Meiosis ensures genetic diversity.

Explanation:
Candidiasis (thrush) is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by Candida albicans, affecting moist areas like mouth, vagina, and skin folds. Ringworm is caused by dermatophytes, athlete's foot by Trichophyton, aspergillosis by Aspergillus.