How does growth in living organisms differ from growth in non-living things? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Frederick Griffith in 1928 demonstrated transformation by showing that heat-killed virulent pneumococci could transfer virulence to live non-virulent bacteria. Avery et al. later identified the transforming principle as DNA.

Explanation:
The Miller-Urey experiment (1953) simulated the conditions of the primitive Earth's atmosphere (methane, ammonia, hydrogen, and water vapor) in a closed system and applied electrical sparks to simulate lightning. After a week, they found that several organic compounds, including amino acids (the building blocks of proteins), had been synthesized, supporting the theory of chemical evolution.

Explanation:
Edward Jenner developed the first successful smallpox vaccine (1796). Pasteur invented pasteurization and rabies vaccine, not penicillin. Fleming discovered penicillin. Hooke coined the term 'cell' but did not discover bacteria; Leeuwenhoek observed bacteria. Thus, the correct match is Jenner - smallpox vaccine.