In the context of human diseases, 'Kala-azar' is a severe parasitic disease. The vector for this disease is the: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
In 1977, Keiichi Itakura and his colleagues at the City of Hope National Medical Center, in collaboration with Herbert Boyer's lab, successfully synthesized the gene for somatostatin (a hypothalamic hormone) and inserted it into E. coli. The bacteria then produced the somatostatin protein. This was a landmark achievement, as it was the first time a synthetic human gene was expressed in a bacterium to produce a functional human hormone, paving the way for the commercial production of insulin and other therapeutics.

Explanation:
Prokaryotic cells (bacteria, archaea) are characterized by the absence of a true, membrane-bound nucleus; their genetic material is located in a nucleoid region. Eukaryotic cells (plants, animals, fungi, protists) possess a true nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, ER, and Golgi. Plant cells are distinguished from animal cells by the presence of a rigid cell wall made primarily of cellulose, along with chloroplasts and a large central vacuole. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Explanation:
Cataract is clouding of the crystalline lens leading to decreased vision, commonly age-related. Glaucoma is optic nerve damage often due to increased intraocular pressure. Myopia is nearsightedness, hypermetropia is farsightedness. Cataract surgery replaces the lens with an artificial one.