RNA interference (RNAi) is a technique used in genetic engineering to silence specific genes. In the development of nematode-resistant transgenic tobacco plants, the source of the silencing RNA was: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a technique used in genetic engineering to silence specific genes. In the development of nematode-resistant transgenic tobacco plants, the source of the silencing RNA was:

A. The nematode itself (Agrobacterium-mediated delivery of nematode genes)

B. A virus

C. A bacterium

D. The plant's own genome

Answer: Option A

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

RNAi is a cellular defense mechanism in eukaryotes that silences specific mRNA. To create nematode-resistant tobacco, scientists used Agrobacterium as a vector to introduce nematode-specific genes into the host plant. The plant then produced both sense and anti-sense RNA for these genes. The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) formed triggered the RNAi pathway, degrading the nematide's mRNA when it tried to express those essential genes inside the plant roots, killing the nematode.

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Question #1

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The process of uptake of liquid droplets by the cell membrane is:

A. Osmosis

B. Exocytosis

C. Phagocytosis

D. Pinocytosis

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Pinocytosis ('cell drinking') is a form of endocytosis where the cell membrane invaginates to take in a small droplet of extracellular fluid and dissolved solutes. Phagocytosis is 'cell eating' of large particles, exocytosis is secretion, osmosis is water movement across a semipermeable membrane.

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Question #2

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The condition in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, impairing vision, is:

A. Cataract

B. Glaucoma

C. Myopia

D. Hypermetropia

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Cataract is clouding of the crystalline lens leading to decreased vision, commonly age-related. Glaucoma is optic nerve damage often due to increased intraocular pressure. Myopia is nearsightedness, hypermetropia is farsightedness. Cataract surgery replaces the lens with an artificial one.

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Question #3

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Consider statements about the endocrine system: 1. The pituitary gland is called the master gland. 2. The thyroid gland secretes calcitonin. 3. The adrenal medulla secretes cortisol. Which are correct?

A. 1 and 3 only

B. 2 and 3 only

C. 1, 2 and 3

D. 1 and 2 only

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
The pituitary gland is termed the master gland because it secretes hormones that regulate other endocrine glands. The thyroid gland secretes thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin, which regulates blood calcium. The adrenal cortex secretes cortisol (a glucocorticoid), while the adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

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