Inventions and Discoveries MCQs

Static General Knowledge

Inventions and Discoveries MCQs

Practice Inventions and Discoveries MCQs with answers and detailed explanations covering famous inventors, scientific discoveries, technological innovations, important inventions, groundbreaking research, Nobel-winning discoveries and contributions to science and technology frequently asked in SSC, Railway, Banking, UPSC, JKSSB, Police, Defence, Teaching and other competitive examinations.

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Question #201
Who discovered the composition of water as a compound of hydrogen and oxygen gases?
A. John Dalton
B. Joseph Priestley
C. Henry Cavendish and Antoine Lavoisier
D. Robert Boyle
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Henry Cavendish observed that burning hydrogen produces water, and Antoine Lavoisier correctly identified it as a compound rather than a base element.
This question belongs to: Static General Knowledge Inventions and Discoveries
Question #202
The invention of the common mechanical thermometer scale fixed at 0 for freezing and 100 for boiling water was done by whom?
A. Anders Celsius
B. René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur
C. Lord Kelvin
D. Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius proposed the centigrade temperature scale in 1742.
This question belongs to: Static General Knowledge Inventions and Discoveries
Question #203
Who discovered that light waves can be deflected and focused by intense gravitational fields, a phenomenon known as gravitational lensing?
A. Albert Einstein
B. Edwin Hubble
C. Isaac Newton
D. Arthur Eddington
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Albert Einstein predicted gravitational lensing under his General Theory of Relativity, which was later observed observationally.
This question belongs to: Static General Knowledge Inventions and Discoveries
Question #204
The first practical automatic dishwasher was invented and patented by which female innovator in 1886?
A. Stephanie Kwolek
B. Grace Hopper
C. Mary Anderson
D. Josephine Cochrane
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Josephine Cochrane designed the first successful hand-powered mechanical dishwasher because she wanted to protect her fine china from chipping.
This question belongs to: Static General Knowledge Inventions and Discoveries
Question #205
Who discovered the process of vulcanization, which makes natural rubber durable and temperature-resistant?
A. Charles Goodyear
B. Wallace Carothers
C. John Dunlop
D. Leo Baekeland
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Charles Goodyear accidentally discovered that heating sulfur-treated natural rubber creates a stable, cross-linked polymer matrix.
This question belongs to: Static General Knowledge Inventions and Discoveries
Question #206
Who invented the first functional integrated circuit (microchip) in 1958?
A. John Bardeen
B. Douglas Engelbart
C. Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce
D. Alan Turing
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments constructed the first working monolithic integrated circuit on a germanium chip, winning a Nobel Prize.
This question belongs to: Static General Knowledge Inventions and Discoveries
Question #207
The discovery of the cellular structure of nervous tissue using a specialized silver staining technique was developed by whom?
A. Santiago Ramón y Cajal and Camillo Golgi
B. Louis Pasteur
C. Theodor Schwann
D. Robert Hooke
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Ramón y Cajal used Golgi's staining method to prove that neurons are separate individual cells, sharing the 1906 Nobel Prize.
This question belongs to: Static General Knowledge Inventions and Discoveries
Question #208
Who invented the mechanical cotton spinning machine known as the 'Spinning Jenny' in 1764?
A. Eli Whitney
B. Samuel Crompton
C. Richard Arkwright
D. James Hargreaves
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
James Hargreaves invented the multi-spool spinning frame, significantly accelerating yarn production in early textile factories.
This question belongs to: Static General Knowledge Inventions and Discoveries
Question #209
The invention of the common chemical matchstick containing safer amorphous red phosphorus instead of toxic white phosphorus is called what?
A. Congreve Match
B. Friction Match
C. Safety Match
D. Lucifer Match
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
John Edvard Lundström developed the commercial safety match in Sweden by putting red phosphorus on the striking strip rather than the match head.
This question belongs to: Static General Knowledge Inventions and Discoveries
Question #210
Who discovered the atomic element Radium alongside his wife Marie Skłodowska-Curie?
A. Pierre Curie
B. Ernest Rutherford
C. J.J. Thomson
D. Henri Becquerel
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Pierre Curie collaborated deeply with Marie Curie to physically extract radium chloride from radioactive raw pitchblende matrices.
This question belongs to: Static General Knowledge Inventions and Discoveries
Question #211
The invention of the electronic compiler, which translates high-level source code into computer machine language, was achieved by whom?
A. Grace Hopper
B. Charles Babbage
C. John von Neumann
D. Alan Turing
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Rear Admiral Grace Hopper created the A-0 compiler in 1951 and was instrumental in developing the COBOL language.
This question belongs to: Static General Knowledge Inventions and Discoveries
Question #212
Who discovered the exact structural formula of the complex molecule Vitamin B12, using advanced X-ray crystallography?
A. Dorothy Hodgkin
B. Marie Curie
C. Rosalind Franklin
D. Barbara McClintock
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Dorothy Hodgkin determined the atomic structures of penicillin, vitamin B12, and insulin, winning the 1964 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
This question belongs to: Static General Knowledge Inventions and Discoveries
Question #213
The invention of the mechanical printing press was dramatically optimized by Gutenberg using an alloy of which metals?
A. Gold and Silver
B. Lead, Tin, and Antimony
C. Copper and Zinc
D. Iron and Carbon
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Gutenberg formulated a specialized type metal alloy that melted at low temperatures but resisted high casting pressures.
This question belongs to: Static General Knowledge Inventions and Discoveries
Question #214
Who discovered that light travels slower in dense mediums like water or glass than in a vacuum, confirming the wave theory?
A. Léon Foucault
B. Albert Michelson
C. Isaac Newton
D. Ole Rømer
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Léon Foucault measured the speed of light in water using a rotating mirror device, refuting Newton's corpuscular particle model.
This question belongs to: Static General Knowledge Inventions and Discoveries
Question #215
The invention of the common mechanical windshield wiper for automobiles was patented by whom?
A. Mary Anderson
B. Stephanie Kwolek
C. Josephine Cochrane
D. Henry Ford
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Mary Anderson patented the manual lever-operated windshield clearing arm in 1903 after watching streetcars struggle in sleet storms.
This question belongs to: Static General Knowledge Inventions and Discoveries
Question #216
Who discovered the fundamental principle of chemical thermodynamics relating free energy, enthalpy, and entropy?
A. Josiah Willard Gibbs
B. James Joule
C. Sadi Carnot
D. Lord Kelvin
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Josiah Willard Gibbs formulated Gibbs Free Energy ($G = H - TS$), establishing mathematical precision within physical chemistry.
This question belongs to: Static General Knowledge Inventions and Discoveries
Question #217
Who invented the first practical electronic pocket calculator, introduced commercially in 1970?
A. Alan Turing
B. Douglas Engelbart
C. Charles Babbage
D. Sanyo and Texas Instruments teams
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Sanyo's ICC-0081 and Texas Instruments' 'Cal-Tech' project initiated the mass scaling of hand-held microelectronic computation.
This question belongs to: Static General Knowledge Inventions and Discoveries
Question #218
The discovery of the first gas giant exoplanet orbiting a sun-like star (51 Pegasi b) was made by whom?
A. Clyde Tombaugh
B. Carl Sagan
C. Edwin Hubble
D. Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz discovered 51 Pegasi b in 1995 using highly precise radial velocity measurements, winning a Nobel Prize.
This question belongs to: Static General Knowledge Inventions and Discoveries
Question #219
Who invented the first operational safety air-brake system for high-speed railway trains?
A. Elisha Otis
B. George Westinghouse
C. James Watt
D. George Stephenson
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
George Westinghouse patented the compressed-air brake in 1869, automating uniform halting across all train cars simultaneously.
This question belongs to: Static General Knowledge Inventions and Discoveries
Question #220
Who discovered that the chemical element Argon exists as an unreactive atmospheric component, launching the noble gas group?
A. Lord Rayleigh and William Ramsay
B. Joseph Priestley
C. Henry Cavendish
D. Daniel Rutherford
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Rayleigh and Ramsay isolated argon in 1894 by removing all oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide from air samples.
This question belongs to: Static General Knowledge Inventions and Discoveries

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