The basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system is:
A. Axon
B. Neuron
C. Dendrite
D. Nephron
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
The neuron is the nerve cell, the fundamental unit of the nervous system, responsible for receiving, processing, and transmitting electrochemical signals. It consists of a cell body (soma), dendrites, and axon. Axon and dendrite are parts of a neuron. Nephron is the unit of kidney. Neurons communicate via synapses using neurotransmitters.
Explanation:
Insulin stimulates GLUT4 transporters to move to the cell membrane, increasing glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue. Glucagon raises blood glucose.
Explanation:
Salivary amylase (ptyalin) hydrolyzes starch into maltose and dextrins in the mouth. It functions optimally at neutral to slightly alkaline pH. Pepsin digests proteins in the stomach, lipase digests fats, trypsin is a pancreatic protease. Salivary amylase action ceases in the acidic stomach.
Explanation:
Mature mammalian red blood cells (erythrocytes) lose their nucleus and other organelles during development to maximize space for hemoglobin. Thus they are anucleate. They cannot divide or repair themselves and have a lifespan of about 120 days. Neurons, leukocytes, and hepatocytes are nucleated. RBCs obtain energy through anaerobic glycolysis.
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