The enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP in chloroplasts is:
A. NADP reductase
B. Rubisco
C. ATP synthase
D. PEP carboxylase
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
ATP synthase (CF₀-CF₁ complex) uses the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane to synthesize ATP. Rubisco fixes CO₂, NADP reductase reduces NADP⁺, PEP carboxylase is in C4 plants.
Explanation:
Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that naturally lack a cell wall; they are the smallest known free-living organisms. Their membrane contains sterols providing some rigidity. Other bacteria typically have peptidoglycan cell walls. Fungi have chitinous walls, plant cells have cellulose walls. The absence of cell wall makes Mycoplasma pleomorphic and resistant to antibiotics targeting cell wall synthesis like penicillin.
Explanation:
Beta-carotene is a precursor of vitamin A (provitamin A) and imparts an orange color to carrots, pumpkins, and sweet potatoes. Lycopene gives red color to tomatoes, chlorophyll is green, xanthophyll is yellow. Beta-carotene is an antioxidant and is important for vision and immune function.
Explanation:
Hinge joints (ginglymus) permit flexion and extension only, like a door hinge. The elbow, knee, and interphalangeal joints are examples. Ball-and-socket (hip) multiaxial, pivot (neck) rotation, saddle (thumb) biaxial.
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