The hormone that increases water reabsorption in the collecting duct is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Hypothyroidism in adults causes myxedema, characterized by puffy face, edema, lethargy, weight gain, and mental dullness. Goiter is an enlarged thyroid due to iodine deficiency but thyroxine may be normal or low. Cretinism is congenital hypothyroidism causing stunted growth and mental retardation. Acromegaly is due to excess growth hormone in adults.

Explanation:
Certain bacteria, like Bacillus megaterium and Alcaligenes eutrophus, accumulate polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) such as PHB as intracellular carbon and energy storage under nutrient stress. These are used to make biodegradable plastics. E. coli is engineered for some bioplastics, but natural producers include Bacillus.

Explanation:
The Bohr effect describes how an increase in the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) or a decrease in pH (increase in H+ concentration) reduces hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, shifting the oxygen dissociation curve to the right. This facilitates the unloading of oxygen in metabolically active tissues where CO2 and acid levels are high. The reverse occurs in the lungs, enhancing oxygen loading.