The 'Restriction enzyme EcoRI' was isolated from the bacterium Escherichia coli strain RY13. The 'RI' in EcoRI stands for: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question

The 'Restriction enzyme EcoRI' was isolated from the bacterium Escherichia coli strain RY13. The 'RI' in EcoRI stands for:

A. Ribosomal Inhibitor

B. Recombinant Insertion

C. Restriction Isoform

D. The specific strain (RY13) and the order of discovery

Answer: Option D

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

The nomenclature for restriction enzymes is based on the genus, species, strain, and order of discovery of the source bacterium. In EcoRI: 'E' stands for the genus Escherichia, 'co' stands for the species coli, 'R' stands for the strain RY13, and 'I' indicates that it was the first restriction enzyme isolated from this particular strain. This systematic naming convention helps scientists identify the exact source of the enzyme.

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The mineral element essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones is:

A. Calcium

B. Zinc

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D. Iron

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Iodine is a key constituent of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T₄) and triiodothyronine (T₃). Deficiency leads to goiter and hypothyroidism. Iron is for hemoglobin, calcium for bones, zinc for enzyme function. Iodized salt is a public health measure to ensure adequate iodine intake.

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Pneumatophores, specialized roots that grow vertically upwards to facilitate gas exchange in swampy areas, are found in:

A. Orchids

B. Nepenthes

C. Rhizophora

D. Cuscuta

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Pneumatophores are negative geotropic, spongy roots that grow upwards out of the water or mud to obtain oxygen in anaerobic, waterlogged soils. They are a characteristic adaptation of mangrove plants like Rhizophora (mangrove). Orchids have epiphytic aerial roots, Cuscuta has parasitic haustoria, and Nepenthes has modified pitcher leaves for insectivory.

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The structure that protects the spinal cord is the:

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B. Rib cage

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
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