The polar vortex is a large area of low pressure and cold air that encircles the Earth's poles. When it weakens or shifts, it can cause cold air to spill southward into the mid-latitudes.
Explanation:
Orographic rainfall occurs when moist air is forced to rise over a mountain barrier, cooling and condensing to form clouds and precipitation on the windward side.
Explanation:
The Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) is a high-altitude jet stream over the Indian Ocean and Africa that plays a crucial role in the onset and intensity of the Indian monsoon.
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