Which part of the nephron is primarily involved in the reabsorption of glucose and amino acids? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question
Which part of the nephron is primarily involved in the reabsorption of glucose and amino acids?
A. Distal convoluted tubule
B. Collecting duct
C. Proximal convoluted tubule
D. Loop of Henle
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)
The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) reabsorbs about 70-80% of electrolytes and water, and almost 100% of glucose, amino acids, and vitamins back into the blood via active transport and facilitated diffusion. The loop of Henle concentrates urine, the DCT reabsorbs sodium and water under hormonal control, and the collecting duct reabsorbs water (ADH-dependent). PCT cells have microvilli for increased surface area.
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Question #1
The enzyme that catalyzes the removal of the RNA primer during DNA replication is:
A. Ligase
B. DNA polymerase III
C. DNA polymerase I
D. Helicase
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
DNA polymerase I has 5' to 3' exonuclease activity to remove RNA primers and fill gaps with DNA. In eukaryotes, RNase H removes primers.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #2
The hormone responsible for the ripening of fruits is:
A. Gibberellin
B. Cytokinin
C. Ethylene
D. Auxin
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone that promotes fruit ripening (climacteric fruits like banana, apple), leaf abscission, and senescence. Auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin primarily promote growth. Ethylene is used commercially to ripen fruits uniformly. It also stimulates the formation of abscission layers and inhibits stem elongation.
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Question #3
A mutation that involves the change of a single nucleotide base in the DNA sequence is called a:
A. Frameshift mutation
B. Point mutation
C. Inversion
D. Chromosomal deletion
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
A point mutation is a genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed, inserted, or deleted from a sequence of DNA or RNA. The classic example is sickle cell anemia, caused by a single point mutation in the beta-globin gene, where adenine is replaced by thymine, changing the amino acid from glutamic acid to valine.
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