Consider statements about scientists: 1. Edward Jenner is the father of immunology. 2. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. 3. Louis Pasteur discovered the structure of DNA. Which are correct? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question

Consider statements about scientists: 1. Edward Jenner is the father of immunology. 2. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. 3. Louis Pasteur discovered the structure of DNA. Which are correct?

A. 1, 2 and 3

B. 1 and 3 only

C. 1 and 2 only

D. 2 and 3 only

Answer: Option C

Solution (By JKSSB Mock Tests)

Edward Jenner is considered the father of immunology for pioneering the concept of vaccination by developing the smallpox vaccine. Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin, from the fungus Penicillium notatum in 1928. Louis Pasteur made monumental contributions to microbiology and vaccination, but the structure of DNA was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

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Identify the correct statement about blood groups:

A. Rh factor is unrelated to pregnancy complications.

B. Group A has anti-B antibodies.

C. Group AB is the universal donor.

D. Group O has both A and B antigens.

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Blood group A has A antigens and anti-B antibodies. Group O has no antigens, AB is universal recipient, Rh incompatibility can cause erythroblastosis fetalis.

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Question #2

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Iodine deficiency primarily affects the function of which gland?

A. Pancreas

B. Adrenal

C. Pituitary

D. Thyroid

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones T₃ and T₄. Deficiency causes hypothyroidism and goiter (enlarged thyroid gland). Iodized salt is a preventive measure.

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Question #3

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In which stage of mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell equator?

A. Metaphase

B. Prophase

C. Telophase

D. Anaphase

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
During metaphase, the nuclear envelope has completely disappeared, and the chromosomes, attached to spindle fibers at their kinetochores, are moved to the center of the cell. This alignment of chromosomes at the cell equator is called the metaphase plate. This stage is crucial for the equal distribution of genetic material to daughter cells.

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