Climate and Weather MCQs

Geography GK

Climate and Weather MCQs

Practice Climate and Weather MCQs with answers and detailed explanations covering climate, weather, monsoons, rainfall, temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, winds, cyclones, seasons and important climatic phenomena frequently asked in SSC, Railway, Banking, UPSC, JKSSB, Police, Defence, Teaching and other competitive examinations.

494
Total Questions

Practice Questions

Page 9 of 25
Question #161
What is the name of the phenomenon where the wind direction changes with altitude?
A. Wind backing
B. Wind shear
C. Wind veering
D. Wind gradient
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Wind shear is the change in wind speed and/or direction with altitude. It is an important factor in aviation and weather forecasting, especially for thunderstorm development.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #162
What is the name of the phenomenon where the wind direction changes clockwise with altitude in the Northern Hemisphere?
A. Wind gradient
B. Wind veering
C. Wind backing
D. Wind shear
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Wind veering is a clockwise change in wind direction with altitude in the Northern Hemisphere (e.g., from south to west). Wind backing is a counterclockwise change. Veering typically indicates warm air advection.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #163
What is the name of the phenomenon where the wind direction changes counterclockwise with altitude in the Northern Hemisphere?
A. Wind backing
B. Wind gradient
C. Wind veering
D. Wind shear
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Wind backing is a counterclockwise change in wind direction with altitude in the Northern Hemisphere (e.g., from south to east). Backing typically indicates cold air advection.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #164
What is the name of the phenomenon where the wind speed changes with altitude?
A. Wind gradient
B. Wind veering
C. Wind backing
D. Wind shear
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Wind gradient is the change in wind speed with altitude. Near the surface, friction reduces wind speed; at higher altitudes, wind speed generally increases.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #165
A positive Indian Ocean Dipole event is associated with:
A. Cooler than normal waters in the western Indian Ocean
B. No change in sea surface temperatures
C. Warmer than normal waters in the eastern Indian Ocean
D. Warmer than normal waters in the western Indian Ocean
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
A positive IOD event is characterized by warmer than normal sea surface temperatures in the western Indian Ocean and cooler than normal in the east. This often leads to increased rainfall over East Africa and reduced rainfall over Indonesia and Australia.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #166
A negative Indian Ocean Dipole event is associated with:
A. Cooler than normal waters in the eastern Indian Ocean
B. Warmer than normal waters in the eastern Indian Ocean
C. Warmer than normal waters in the western Indian Ocean
D. No change in sea surface temperatures
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
A negative IOD event is characterized by warmer than normal sea surface temperatures in the eastern Indian Ocean and cooler than normal in the west. This often leads to increased rainfall over Indonesia and Australia and reduced rainfall over East Africa.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #167
The term 'Indian Ocean Dipole' was first used by which scientist?
A. J. Bjerknes
B. H. H. Lamb
C. N. Saji and T. Yamagata
D. Sir Gilbert Walker
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The term Indian Ocean Dipole was introduced by N. Saji and T. Yamagata in 1999. Sir Gilbert Walker is known for the Southern Oscillation, J. Bjerknes for ENSO theory, and H. H. Lamb for climate studies.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #168
What is the name of the phenomenon where there is a reversal of the surface winds and ocean currents in the Indian Ocean?
A. Indian Ocean Dipole
B. La Niña
C. Southern Oscillation
D. El Niño
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The Indian Ocean Dipole involves changes in sea surface temperatures and wind patterns across the Indian Ocean, leading to reversals in surface winds and currents during positive and negative phases.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #169
Which of the following is a major factor in the formation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO)?
A. Convection in the Indian and Pacific Oceans
B. Sea level pressure differences in the Arctic
C. Convection in the Atlantic Ocean
D. Sea surface temperature differences in the Pacific
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The Madden-Julian Oscillation is a large-scale pattern of convection (thunderstorm activity) that originates over the Indian Ocean and moves eastward across the Pacific, influencing weather patterns globally.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #170
The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) has a typical period of:
A. 10-20 years
B. 1-2 weeks
C. 1-2 days
D. 30-60 days
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) has a typical period of 30 to 60 days, making it an intra-seasonal tropical climate pattern that significantly influences weather in the tropics and subtropics.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #171
The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is characterized by:
A. A stationary pattern of convection
B. A westward-moving pattern of convection
C. A northward-moving pattern of convection
D. An eastward-moving pattern of convection
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
The MJO is characterized by an eastward-moving pattern of enhanced and suppressed convection (thunderstorms) across the Indian and Pacific Oceans, influencing rainfall and wind patterns.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #172
What is the primary driver of the Madden-Julian Oscillation?
A. Sea level pressure differences in the Arctic
B. Sea surface temperature differences in the Indian Ocean
C. Large-scale atmospheric convection and circulation
D. Sea surface temperature differences in the Pacific
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The MJO is driven by large-scale atmospheric convection and circulation processes involving the interaction between the ocean and atmosphere, with the propagation of convective systems.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #173
Which of the following is a major factor in the formation of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)?
A. Sea level pressure differences between the Azores and Iceland
B. Sea level pressure differences between the Azores and the United States
C. Sea level pressure differences between the Azores and the United Kingdom
D. Sea level pressure differences between the Azores and Greenland
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a climate pattern characterized by sea level pressure differences between the Icelandic Low (subpolar low) and the Azores High (subtropical high).
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #174
A positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is associated with:
A. Stronger than normal Azores High and Icelandic Low
B. Cooler than normal waters in the North Atlantic
C. Warmer than normal waters in the North Atlantic
D. Weaker than normal Azores High and Icelandic Low
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
A positive NAO phase is characterized by stronger than normal Azores High and Icelandic Low, leading to stronger westerly winds, milder and wetter winters in northern Europe, and colder and drier winters in southern Europe.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #175
A negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is associated with:
A. Stronger than normal Azores High and Icelandic Low
B. Cooler than normal waters in the North Atlantic
C. Weaker than normal Azores High and Icelandic Low
D. Warmer than normal waters in the North Atlantic
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
A negative NAO phase is characterized by weaker than normal Azores High and Icelandic Low, leading to weaker westerly winds, colder and drier winters in northern Europe, and milder and wetter winters in southern Europe.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #176
The NAO influences the climate of which region?
A. Western Europe and North America
B. Central Africa and South America
C. Southeast Asia and Australia
D. The Arctic and Antarctic
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The North Atlantic Oscillation primarily influences the climate of Western Europe and the eastern United States and Canada, affecting temperature, precipitation, and storm tracks.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #177
What is the name of the phenomenon where there is a large-scale pattern of sea level pressure differences between the Arctic and the mid-latitudes?
A. Pacific-North American Pattern
B. Arctic Oscillation
C. North Atlantic Oscillation
D. Madden-Julian Oscillation
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The Arctic Oscillation (AO) is a large-scale climate pattern of sea level pressure differences between the Arctic and the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. It affects weather patterns across the entire Northern Hemisphere.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #178
A positive phase of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) is associated with:
A. Warmer than normal temperatures in the Arctic
B. Cooler than normal temperatures in the Arctic
C. Higher than normal pressure over the Arctic
D. Lower than normal pressure over the Arctic
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
A positive AO phase is characterized by lower than normal pressure over the Arctic and higher than normal pressure over the mid-latitudes. This tends to confine cold air to the Arctic, leading to milder winters in the mid-latitudes.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #179
A negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) is associated with:
A. Warmer than normal temperatures in the Arctic
B. Lower than normal pressure over the Arctic
C. Cooler than normal temperatures in the Arctic
D. Higher than normal pressure over the Arctic
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
A negative AO phase is characterized by higher than normal pressure over the Arctic and lower than normal pressure over the mid-latitudes. This allows cold Arctic air to spill southward, leading to colder winters in the mid-latitudes.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #180
The Pacific-North American (PNA) pattern is a climate pattern that affects:
A. The eastern United States and Canada
B. The western United States and Canada
C. Southeast Asia and Australia
D. Western Europe and North America
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The Pacific-North American (PNA) pattern is a climate pattern that affects the western United States and Canada, influencing temperature, precipitation, and storm tracks across the region.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather

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