Climate and Weather MCQs

Geography GK

Climate and Weather MCQs

Practice Climate and Weather MCQs with answers and detailed explanations covering climate, weather, monsoons, rainfall, temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, winds, cyclones, seasons and important climatic phenomena frequently asked in SSC, Railway, Banking, UPSC, JKSSB, Police, Defence, Teaching and other competitive examinations.

494
Total Questions

Practice Questions

Page 8 of 25
Question #141
Which of the following is a characteristic of the thermosphere?
A. Constant temperature with altitude
B. Contains the ozone layer
C. Increasing temperature with altitude
D. Decreasing temperature with altitude
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The thermosphere is characterized by increasing temperature with altitude due to the absorption of solar radiation, making it the hottest layer.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #142
Which of the following is a characteristic of the exosphere?
A. Contains the auroras
B. Decreasing temperature with altitude
C. Constant temperature with altitude
D. Increasing temperature with altitude
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
The exosphere is characterized by increasing temperature with altitude, as the few gas molecules present absorb solar radiation. It is the outermost layer, merging with space.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #143
What is the name of the phenomenon where the atmosphere traps heat, warming the Earth's surface?
A. Global warming
B. Climate change
C. Albedo effect
D. Greenhouse effect
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
The greenhouse effect is the natural process by which certain gases in the atmosphere (greenhouse gases) trap outgoing longwave radiation, warming the Earth's surface and making it habitable.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #144
Which of the following is a major source of methane emissions?
A. Deforestation
B. Agriculture (livestock, rice paddies)
C. Burning fossil fuels
D. Industrial processes
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Agriculture, particularly livestock (enteric fermentation) and rice paddies, is a major source of methane emissions. Burning fossil fuels and industrial processes release CO2, while deforestation releases CO2 and reduces carbon uptake.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #145
Which of the following is a major source of nitrous oxide emissions?
A. Industrial processes
B. Burning fossil fuels
C. Agriculture (fertilizer use)
D. Deforestation
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Agriculture, especially the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers, is a major source of nitrous oxide emissions. Burning fossil fuels and industrial processes release CO2 and other pollutants.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #146
What is the major cause of the ozone hole?
A. Volcanic eruptions
B. Deforestation
C. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
D. Greenhouse gas emissions
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The ozone hole is primarily caused by Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting substances, which release chlorine and bromine atoms that catalyze the destruction of ozone in the stratosphere.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #147
The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty to protect the:
A. Biodiversity
B. Oceans
C. Ozone layer
D. Climate
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty designed to phase out the production of ozone-depleting substances, such as CFCs, to protect the stratospheric ozone layer.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #148
Which of the following is NOT a source of particulate matter (PM2.5)?
A. Solar radiation
B. Vehicle exhaust
C. Burning fossil fuels
D. Industrial emissions
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Solar radiation is not a source of particulate matter. Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) is emitted from vehicle exhaust, industrial processes, burning of fossil fuels, construction, and natural sources like dust and smoke.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #149
What is the primary cause of acid rain?
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
C. Methane
D. Ozone depletion
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Acid rain is primarily caused by sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) released from burning fossil fuels, which react with water vapor in the atmosphere to form sulfuric and nitric acids.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #150
Which of the following is a characteristic of a subtropical high-pressure belt?
A. Heavy rainfall
B. Rising air
C. Low pressure
D. Sinking air
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Subtropical high-pressure belts are characterized by sinking air (subsidence), which leads to clear skies, dry conditions, and the formation of deserts (e.g., Sahara, Kalahari).
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #151
Which of the following is a characteristic of a low-pressure system in the Northern Hemisphere?
A. Counterclockwise wind circulation
B. Sinking air
C. Clear skies
D. Clockwise wind circulation
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Low-pressure systems in the Northern Hemisphere have counterclockwise wind circulation due to the Coriolis effect. They are associated with rising air, cloud formation, and precipitation.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #152
Which of the following is a characteristic of a high-pressure system in the Northern Hemisphere?
A. Cloud formation
B. Rising air
C. Clockwise wind circulation
D. Counterclockwise wind circulation
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
High-pressure systems in the Northern Hemisphere have clockwise wind circulation. They are associated with sinking air, leading to clear skies and dry weather.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #153
What is the name of the phenomenon where the wind blows parallel to isobars?
A. Gradient wind
B. Thermal wind
C. Katabatic wind
D. Geostrophic wind
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
A geostrophic wind is a theoretical wind that blows parallel to isobars (lines of equal pressure) and results from a balance between the pressure gradient force and the Coriolis force.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #154
What is the name of the phenomenon where the wind blows at an angle to isobars due to friction?
A. Gradient wind
B. Surface wind
C. Geostrophic wind
D. Thermal wind
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Surface winds blow at an angle to isobars (towards lower pressure) due to friction with the Earth's surface, which reduces the Coriolis force.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #155
Which of the following is a characteristic of a tornado?
A. Lasts for days
B. Rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm
C. Large scale
D. Forms over warm ocean waters
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground. It is small in scale, lasts for minutes, and forms over land (unlike tropical cyclones).
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #156
The Fujita scale is used to measure:
A. Volcanic eruption intensity
B. Earthquake intensity
C. Tornado intensity
D. Hurricane intensity
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The Fujita scale (and the Enhanced Fujita scale) is used to rate the intensity of tornadoes based on the damage they cause. The Saffir-Simpson scale is for hurricanes.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #157
What is the name of the phenomenon where air moves from high pressure to low pressure?
A. Wind
B. Advection
C. Conduction
D. Convection
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Wind is the movement of air from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure due to the pressure gradient force. Convection is vertical movement, advection is horizontal movement, and conduction is heat transfer.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #158
What is the name of the phenomenon where air rises due to heating?
A. Conduction
B. Subsidence
C. Convection
D. Advection
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Convection is the vertical movement of air caused by heating, where warmer, less dense air rises, and cooler, denser air sinks. This is a key mechanism in weather formation.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #159
What is the name of the phenomenon where air sinks due to cooling?
A. Convection
B. Conduction
C. Subsidence
D. Advection
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Subsidence is the downward movement of air, often associated with high-pressure systems and clear weather. It occurs when air cools and becomes denser.
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather
Question #160
Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects wind speed?
A. Friction
B. Humidity
C. Pressure gradient
D. Coriolis effect
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Humidity does not directly affect wind speed. Wind speed is influenced by the pressure gradient (difference in pressure), the Coriolis effect (deflection), and friction (with the Earth's surface).
This question belongs to: Geography GK Climate and Weather

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