Physics MCQs

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Physics MCQs

Practice the latest Physics MCQs with answers and detailed explanations. This section includes chapter-wise multiple-choice questions covering mechanics, motion, force, work and energy, heat, light, electricity, magnetism, modern physics, waves, optics, and other important topics. These exam-oriented MCQs are ideal for Class 9–12, NEET, JEE, CUET, SSC, Banking, Railway, JKSSB, Defence, Police, and other competitive exams.

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Page 15 of 65
Question #281
The nucleus of an atom consists of
A. Protons and neutrons
B. Electrons and neutrons
C. Electrons and protons
D. Only protons
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Nucleus contains protons (positive) and neutrons (neutral), collectively nucleons. Electrons orbit nucleus. Atomic number Z = protons, mass number A = protons + neutrons. Isotopes differ in neutron number.
This question belongs to: Science Physics
Question #282
Radioactivity was first discovered by
A. Rutherford
B. Curie
C. Roentgen
D. Becquerel
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Henri Becquerel discovered natural radioactivity in 1896 from uranium salts. Marie and Pierre Curie later discovered radium and polonium. Rutherford classified alpha, beta rays. Roentgen discovered X-rays.
This question belongs to: Science Physics
Question #283
Alpha particles are
A. Electrons
B. Protons
C. Electromagnetic waves
D. Helium nuclei
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Alpha particles are helium nuclei (2 protons, 2 neutrons), charge +2e, mass 4 u. Beta particles are fast electrons (or positrons). Gamma rays are high-energy photons, no mass, no charge.
This question belongs to: Science Physics
Question #284
Nuclear fission is the process in which
A. Electrons are emitted
B. Nucleus emits gamma rays
C. Light nuclei combine
D. Heavy nucleus splits
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Fission: heavy nucleus (e.g., U-235) splits into smaller nuclei plus neutrons and energy. Fusion: light nuclei combine (e.g., hydrogen to helium). Both release energy. Fission used in reactors and bombs.
This question belongs to: Science Physics
Question #285
In a nuclear reactor, the function of a moderator is to
A. Remove heat
B. Absorb neutrons
C. Control chain reaction
D. Slow down neutrons
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Moderator slows fast neutrons to thermal energies to increase probability of fission. Common moderators: heavy water, graphite. Control rods (cadmium, boron) absorb neutrons. Coolant removes heat.
This question belongs to: Science Physics
Question #286
The scientist who proposed the planetary model of atom was
A. Ernest Rutherford
B. Dalton
C. Niels Bohr
D. J.J. Thomson
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Rutherford's gold foil experiment led to planetary model: electrons revolve around tiny positive nucleus. Bohr added quantized orbits. Thomson proposed plum-pudding model. Dalton atomic theory earlier.
This question belongs to: Science Physics
Question #287
C.V. Raman won Nobel Prize for his work on
A. Discovery of electron
B. Photoelectric effect
C. Nuclear fission
D. Raman effect (scattering of light)
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Sir C.V. Raman discovered inelastic scattering of light (Raman effect) in 1928, received Nobel in 1930. Used to study molecular structure. Photoelectric effect: Einstein. Electron: J.J. Thomson. Fission: Hahn and Strassmann.
This question belongs to: Science Physics
Question #288
The time period of a simple pendulum depends on
A. Nature of bob material
B. Length of pendulum and g
C. Amplitude of swing
D. Mass of bob
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
T = 2π√(L/g). For small amplitudes, period independent of amplitude and mass. Depends only on effective length and acceleration due to gravity. Used in pendulum clocks.
This question belongs to: Science Physics
Question #289
A wave has frequency 50 Hz and wavelength 0.6 m. Its speed is
A. 300 m/s
B. 30 m/s
C. 83.3 m/s
D. 0.012 m/s
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Wave speed v = fλ = 50 × 0.6 = 30 m/s. Basic wave equation. Ensure consistent units: frequency Hz (s⁻¹), wavelength m. Speed of sound 340 m/s in air, this is slower.
This question belongs to: Science Physics
Question #290
In simple harmonic motion, acceleration is directly proportional to
A. Velocity
B. Displacement but opposite in direction
C. Time
D. Square of displacement
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
In SHM, a = -ω²x, acceleration ∝ -displacement. Minus sign indicates direction towards mean position (restoring). Characteristic of SHM. Pendulum and spring-mass system exhibit SHM for small displacements.
This question belongs to: Science Physics
Question #291
The instrument used to record seismic waves is
A. Anemometer
B. Barometer
C. Seismograph
D. Hygrometer
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Seismograph records earth tremors, detects earthquakes. Barometer atmospheric pressure. Hygrometer humidity. Anemometer wind speed. Seismograph uses inertia of a suspended mass.
This question belongs to: Science Physics
Question #292
A lactometer measures
A. Viscosity of milk
B. Density of milk
C. Purity of milk
D. Temperature of milk
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Lactometer is a type of hydrometer used to check purity of milk by measuring specific gravity. Adulteration with water lowers density. It doesn't measure temperature or viscosity directly.
This question belongs to: Science Physics
Question #293
An ammeter is always connected in
A. Parallel with circuit
B. Series with circuit
C. Either series or parallel
D. Across supply
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Ammeter measures current, must be in series so full current flows through it. Low internal resistance to minimize voltage drop. Voltmeter measures potential difference, connected in parallel, high resistance.
This question belongs to: Science Physics
Question #294
The function of a fuse in a domestic circuit is to
A. Reduce current
B. Increase power factor
C. Regulate voltage
D. Protect against short circuit and overload
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Fuse is a safety device: thin wire melts when current exceeds safe limit due to short circuit or overload, breaking circuit. Prevents fire and appliance damage. Based on heating effect. MCB is modern alternative.
This question belongs to: Science Physics
Question #295
LED stands for
A. Linear Electron Device
B. Light Emitting Diode
C. Low Energy Device
D. Laser Emission Display
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
LED (Light Emitting Diode) emits light when forward biased, due to recombination of electrons and holes. Efficient, long life. Used in displays, lighting. Laser is Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
This question belongs to: Science Physics
Question #296
A solar cell converts
A. Chemical energy to electrical energy
B. Light energy to electrical energy
C. Heat energy to electrical energy
D. Mechanical energy to electrical energy
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Solar cell (photovoltaic cell) converts sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor p-n junction. No heat involved. Battery converts chemical to electrical. Thermocouple heat to electrical. Solar energy is renewable.
This question belongs to: Science Physics
Question #297
Who invented the electric bulb?
A. Michael Faraday
B. Alexander Graham Bell
C. Nikola Tesla
D. Thomas Edison
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Thomas Alva Edison invented the practical incandescent light bulb in 1879. He also invented phonograph. Tesla contributed to AC system. Faraday electromagnetic induction. Bell telephone.
This question belongs to: Science Physics
Question #298
Which scientist is associated with the theory of relativity?
A. Galileo Galilei
B. Isaac Newton
C. Albert Einstein
D. James Watt
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Albert Einstein proposed special relativity (1905) and general relativity (1915), revolutionized concepts of space, time, gravity. E=mc². Newton classical mechanics. Galileo telescope, falling bodies. Watt steam engine.
This question belongs to: Science Physics
Question #299
The SI unit of luminous intensity is
A. Lux
B. Lumen
C. Candela
D. Watt
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Candela (cd) is one of the seven SI base units, measures luminous intensity. Lumen is luminous flux (lm = cd·sr). Lux is illuminance (lx = lm/m²). Watt is power.
This question belongs to: Science Physics
Question #300
Which of the following is the dimensional formula of impulse?
A. [M⁰LT⁻¹]
B. [MLT⁻²]
C. [ML²T⁻¹]
D. [MLT⁻¹]
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Impulse = Force × time = change in momentum. Momentum = mass × velocity, dimensions [M][LT⁻¹] = [MLT⁻¹]. Force dimensions [MLT⁻²], multiplied by time gives [MLT⁻¹]. Same as momentum.
This question belongs to: Science Physics

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